Anything Architecture, Arbitration and Analogue. A Generalist forging my unique place in the Urban & Built Environment.
Hi! I'm Clifton. My mission is to effectuate and catalyse Liveable and Equitable spaces for our communities.
I specialise in Spatial Design, Construction-Project Management and Law, carving a niche in Urban Planning & Policy and Construction Arbitration.
Outside the professional setting, I write and sketch to understand this world a little more.
I graduated with LLB & BA(Arch).
I am a fellow of CIArb and SIArb.
I built Public Housing in Singapore.
I developed Island Resorts in Australia.
I taught Architecture & Economics.
I dabble in writing and sketching.
Situated on the abandoned jetty at Labrador Park, the plot is surrounded by a unique combination of environmental conditions, being at the transitional zone between land and sea. A Mixed-Use Building comprising of a Marine Biology Research Lab to study the Intertidal zone, a Researcher's Villa and a Nature Trail is proposed to promote further research in Environmental Sciences via the labs and to spread environmental awareness via nature trail. The inclusion of the Nature Trail is also an attempt to 'return the space' from privately-owned buildings back to the public.
Aligning with the core Environmental Value, the design aims to be environmentally sustainable. It is primarily driven by capitalising on the tropical climate while minimising carbon production during its building lifecycle. This core value impacts the massing, building envelope, circulation from the interplay between public and public spaces, down to mechanical and electrical strategies employed, through environmentally sensitive and data-driven approaches.
The Massing comprises of 4 separate sections - Information Centre, Villa, Intertidal Access and Research Labs with a shared Cafeteria. All the massings employ a similar shape, with the large volumes on both ends tapering inwards and connecting with a kink in the middle. Using digital simulations, such massings and its arrangements provide ample shading and harnesses the 'Venturi Effect' for ventilation.
Floor Levels of each massing is also conscientiously decided so that the spatial experience with the building and the environment dynamically changes as the wave height fluctuates. For example, a staircase shaft leading to the Intertidal Zone on the shore-bed would be flooded during the high tide, while users at the outdoor decks can experience activities next to the sea as the tide rises.
Being cognisant of private spaces such as the research labs and offices, the design seeks not to forcefully segregate zones, but to consider possibilities of co-sharing the building footprint and creating autonomy to access all buildings. A skybridge is proposed as an integral element to the circulation solution, which connects the four distinct massings on the upper level, while retaining the pirvacy needed in spaces on the first level. Through this skybridge, individuals are also taken through 'portals' to enter into the outdoor scenic - a breathtaking view suspended over the southern sea - and completing their trail with a close-up view of Fort Pasir Panjang.
The design further considers green construction as part of Architectural sustainability. The abandoned jetty is adaptively reused as the primary structural element, while the remaining building load is distributed with stilt-like piles planted into the seabed, loosely replicating South-East Asian fishing 'kelongs'. These slender piles reduce the concrete footprint on the seabed.
The 1st Floor Level approximately matches the highest tide of Year 2019 when the design was conceived. It serves as a marker of time and the current state of our environment before its plight progressively deteriorates. The implicit message of Bridging is insidious - Global Warming leading to extreme sea level rise is inevitable, and generations will look back at this building and go, "This was where it started, the beginning of the end".
The main door slides open after I enter the password. Without turning on the lights, I walk into my open-concept house and head for the bed.
A wedding invitation just came in.
I slump into the exquisite Victorian armchair next to my bed. The entire day’s worth of fatigue weighs me down, overcoming my body. I sit on the sturdy piece of mahogany, contemplating about the same question I ask myself everyday when I am where I am now.
‘Which will break first. This chair, holding me up after each tiring day of work, or my soul, which lifted my body against ten years of emotional baggage weighing me down?’
Maybe given enough time, the answer will be made obvious…
“Another one? Who is it now?”
I expend what’s left of my energy to stand up and walk towards my work desk positioned opposite my bed. I pick up the nicely decorated envelope imprinted with golden cursive font.
See for yourself.
I tiredly slit open the envelope, my eyes swollen from the long hours of reading thick law books. I pull out the invitation card, squinting hard to decipher words which seem pretty much illegible to me. I manage to pick out four words from the overly polite invitation. Emotions and memories flood my senses as I stare at her name blankly.
“Ahh… I guess it’s time…”
As I stare at my reflection in the mirror, I lock eyes with him. He stares back into mine.
I smile mournfully into his despondent eyes, encouraging him.
“I guess we lose.”
No… You lose.
I look deep into his eyes for the longest period of time, trying to comprehend his reply. Then I notice his bloodshot eyes; his blank stare. Those eyes have always looked disoriented, lacking focus. That pair of eyes staring at me now has always had a crimson glint. I don’t even think I remember how it happened.
I break eye contact and turn my head to the polished grand piano.
“Ah… I guess you are right. I lose…”
Ever since this piano arrived, I have been playing music only for the four walls to hear. I gaze at it standing solitary on its four refined, wooden legs. Tonight, there is no music. The deafening silence jolt me to realisation. It is not the sleepless nights or endless fatigue at work. The lonely nights I struggle with everyday are the cause of his nightmares, his insomnia. And I have been waiting for this moment. It is the moment where nothing matters and will never matter again. My vision blurs and one droplet streams down my cheek. I wait for him to reply but all that greets me is silence.
“Hey… It’s raining. I guess I have to draw the curtains…”
“Buddy, it’s been three months. Have you decided yet?”
“I still don’t know…”
“Everyone’s attending though.”
My best friend on the other end hangs up the phone. I lean back on the leather chair, deciding if I should attend my… Our secondary school classmate’s wedding.
Her wedding is in three days time. The solemnisation is going to be held in her church. The banquet, at Marina Bay Sands Singapore. I heard that her husband-to-be booked the penthouse. Everyone is talking about it on Facebook. I open up Instagram on my phone. Pictures of her wedding photoshoot flood my screen. Her wedding is the hype of the town. Her sweet smile is trending on Instagram.
That’s a big diamond ring she has there.
“It’s not something I can’t afford.”
Really? I doubt it.
Knock, knock, knock. The door opens. I glance up. My legal assistant cum secretary is leaning against my doorway. I smile at her.
“Boss, you have a meeting soon at the Police Headquarters,” she reminds me of my tight schedule.
I get up and smoothen my shirt.
“Thanks for reminding me, Acelynn. While I’m out, can you clear my desk and get me more coffee? And lock the door on your way out.”
She answers from the doorway. “Sure. Sometimes I wonder why you even need an assistant. You’re so efficient, you leave me with nothing to do,” she replies animatedly.
I shrug her comment off with a smile and hand her the keys. “Thanks Acelynn…”
Acelynn continues on while clearing my table, “Looking good as always, boss. But don’t get too carried away by the young ma’ams there at the precinct.” She has a mischievous glint in her eyes as she bats her eyelashes. “Oh and before I forget… You have another appointment with a witness to the Stein case at six. I worked overtime to prepare the case file for you.”
“Yup, I’ll be back to talk to the witness, don’t worry about it.”
I leave the room and head for the carpark.
“Urgh…”
I grimace. Every single time I enter or exit the Attorney-General Chambers, I always get stares from others, as if I were some kind of freak. I used to like the attention, but that was back when I was a student, still oblivious to the sheer massive size of the world. Now, I just want my innocence back.
“That’s him. The one who on the Danry case.”
“Who? Him? He’s the one? He’s just a kid!”
“That’s the one Law Society calls Satan Incarnate, the youngest senior prosecutor in town.”
Satan Incarnate. That is the label given to me by the defence counsels. In the courtroom, I am the criminals’ worst nightmare. I always request for the maximum penalty to be dealt for every criminal I prosecute. A police investigation officer whom I am close to confessed to me once that most criminals would rather face the music than appeal to the high court and risk experiencing my wrath. Half of the defence counsels in Law Society do not agree with my ruthless approach. The other half do not even have the time to discuss about it. They are too occupied wondering how they lost the case to me. I am that good. I have never lost a case.
So the name stuck. Every law enforcer in town knows me by Satan Incarnate, the devil in flesh, the one who condemns humans to hell.
As an up-and-rising star in the AG Chambers, I am on route to becoming the youngest chief prosecutor in history. But all these came with many sacrifices and a hell lot of discipline and hardwork. I had to research on cases into the wee-hours of the night, reaching home only to catch about an hour of sleep before taking on the next day. I didn’t want to deprive my family members of their rest so I moved out. My job became so demanding that the Chambers requested for an assistant to help me with my work load. Out of all the candidates, I picked a twenty-three year old law graduate fresh out of college. And so I am stuck with a cheerful individual, three years younger than me, following behind me wherever I go.
How ironic… Someone so optimistic should not follow behind a broken man.
Ignoring his comments, I walk towards my Mercedes-Benz parked in the reserved lot. I click the button on my car key and get into my two-seater sports car.
“The red packet is gonna cost a fortune, y’know that, right?”
Not an amount you can’t afford.
“Thought you doubted my financial capabilities?”
It is tradition to give the bride and groom a red packet for good luck and fortune. The amount of money in the red packet is supposed to be equivalent to the price of the dinner. The more luxurious the hotel, the heavier the ‘payment’.
I wait for his reply…
I take out my phone and call my best friend, Zed.
“Hey. I can’t make it for the solemnisation, but I will come for the dinner.”
Anyway, it doesn’t seem apt for Satan Incarnate to walk through the holy doors of church.
Finally, something we agree on.
I hang up the phone. For that split second, I see the reflection of my face in the phone screen.
“Nothing’s changed,” I sigh. I start up the engine and take a glance at the rear mirror. There he is, his red eyes still looking back at me.
For starters, you can never afford her smile…
To that, I have no reply.
I pull on my blazer and glance at the mirror one last time.
No, not that expression. You’ll scare everyone away.
“It doesn’t matter. Those red eyes will already suffice.”
They can’t see me, not unless you show them.
Still facing the mirror, I straighten my tie.
“Then what do you propose I do?”
Follow my instructions and you will do fine. But if you wish to escape, let them see you for who you really are…
I imagine myself facing my family and close friends, all silently smiling and nodding at me through the mirror. I inhale deeply. My chest expands. A gush of warm energy fills my head. I grin at them.
Yes. That’s it. That’s the smile.
Knock, knock, knock. Acelynn opens the door.
“Boss, it’s almost six-thirty. You have a wedding to attend.”
I turn my torso to face her.
“Do I look presentable?”
“Totally! You can be the groom today!” she tease.
I laugh and bid her goodbye as I walk pass. Every time my heels touch the ground, they give off clicking sounds. What melodious music to my ears.
As I get into my car, I slump into the cushion seat and sigh.
“If only the groom were me…”
I try to numb the anguish edging its way out of my skin by dousing alcohol down my heart. Ostensibly, twelve glasses of the finest red wine are not enough to get me drunk. The classical music I usually love blares in my ears. Damn it. I am still sober. Like cancer, my love for her has spread to every nerve in my worn-out body. I can still feel, apparently.
Prepare yourself. She will be walking down the red carpet soon. Pop panadols like candy to numb the pain.
“Is that panadol you’re taking?” my best friend whispers.
“Nah. It’s vitamins,” I reply with a grin.
“I am a doctor for Christ’s sake. Do you think I can’t recognise panadol from vitamin pills?”
Ignoring him, I swallow a handful of white tablets.
“You can’t take that many pills. You’ll die.”
“I guess I already have.”
He stares at me tensely and I return his stare with a grin. The intense moment is interrupted by a roar of applause. The symphonic band they hired plays Variations on the Kanon arranged by George Winston. Everyone stands up to welcome the groom and the bride.
As she enters the ballroom, welcome her with the warmest applause, for they say loving someone means to see her be happy.
I see her, as clear as crystal, smiling blissfully as she walks down the red carpet, her arm interlocked with the groom. She is stunning in her sophisticated white wedding gown. She is an angel descended from the heavens.
How much I longed to see her in a wedding gown. How much I envisioned a future with her. How much I yearned to be next to her, walking down the aisle together… Every clap of my hands brings a bout of heartache.
“I’m calling an ambulance. You need to wash that stomach.”
“I’m fine. Don’t worry about me.”
“You’ll die!”
“I told you I’m fine!” I snap.
“Just because the groom isn’t you doesn’t mean you have to commit suicide!”
No one seems to notice our argument. Everyone’s attention is on her and him.
“If you don’t want to make a scene here, fine. I can understand that. But I’m taking you to the hospital to pump your stomach once this is over. The chemicals won’t be absorbed into the bloodstream that soon, given that you have some food in your system already.”
“Whatever.”
Smile, like you’ve practiced in front of the mirror ever since you were sixteen.
“Congratulations,” I smile and shake her hand. It is the same smile I taught myself ten years ago. It takes every inch of my willpower not to pull her away from her husband.
She turns to the groom and says, “Dear, these are my secondary school friends!”
For a split second, I scowl at the word “friends”.
I offer to shake the groom’s hand, “Congratulations, you’re a lucky man.”
“Thanks. Wait… Are you…? Are you Satan Incarnate?”
My uninterested eyes gaze into his.
“Wow! I can’t believe it! The cold-blooded Satan Incarnate at my wedding! This is going to be the topic of the year!” He turns to her enthusiastically and exclaims, “Bae, you never mentioned that the notorious Satan Incarnate is your friend! It’s an honour!”
She is dumbfounded. What is he talking about? Even in Law School, she has heard of the callous prosecutor’s reputation. But she never imagined that the finest counsel in Law Society would happen to be me.
I can feel it again. The same unease when every eye in the room scrutinises my every movement. The groom’s family and friends watch me suspiciously. Among them are prominent figures. I recognise a handful of them who are partners of established laws firms, various influential politicians and socialites. The rest is made up of their congregation. I am pretty sure they recognise me as well. Or at least, my alias. Others are apprehensive upon hearing the taboo word which they avoid. It feels as if I am transported back into the courtroom, where I am being judged by refined monkeys in an enclosure.
“You’re exaggerating… You’ve far more renowned guests at your wedding tonight. You don’t have to be overly excited about my presence,” I state as a matter of fact.
The groom, not taking the hint, turns around to look at the group of elites holding champagne glasses, engaging in small talk.
“Yeah. They are close friends of my daddy. Uncle Roland, that’s Justice Ee for your information, has been a close family friend ever since they were in college. Godpa Joe goes way back. He’s my grandfather’s business partner’s son.” He turns back pompously to face me, proud that he has such extensive connections.
My tolerance for this boy is at its limit. I feel a surge of boiling blood gush up my head. Maintaining my grin, I bluntly retort, “If you say it this way, how much of your pocket-money did you earn yourself?”
I stare at him pointedly, waiting for his reply. He looks at me horridly and gasps. All he says is, “Your eyes… They’re red…”
Without delay, I excuse myself to the washroom.
I splash the cool tap water on my face.
What’s with that twisted grin on your face?
I look up and face him directly in the mirror.
“What’s with those red eyes? You scared the shit out of him!”
I told you. No one will see me, not unless you show them.
“Are my eyes still red?”
No. They’re black again. But do something about that hollow smile of yours. You look hideous.
I correct my smile in the mirror.
“Don’t tell me what to do.”
Oh really? Who was the one who needed my help in the beginning?
Now, it is my turn to keep quiet.
I turn my back on him and walk out towards the door.
I’ll see how long more you can stand this circus charade…
Try to keep yourself alive, even though you’d be dead by now, or tortured worse than death.
The effects of the heavy dosage of panadol in my system start to act up. It is the worst gastric sensation ever. My stomach is a furnace, burning the tissue-lining of my insides. Apart from that, my head feels like it can explode any moment. So this is what “burning in hell” means. In the inferno of hell, you burn from within. The flames consume you from the inside, coldly biting its way out. Yet, however much you feel like giving up, the suffering does not end until you are devoured completely.
Try hard not to vomit in your best friend’s car when he gives you a lift home.
“Sorry if your new Rolls smells of vomit,” I attempt to string these few words together. “It’s the god-damn alcohol just now.”
“It’s the alcohol and the panadol, you asshole,” Zed corrects me. “And I’m not taking you home. You’re going to the hospital.”
“Whatever…” I mumble.
Deep down, I know that he is right. Both the hard liquor and numbing medicine in my gut and bloodstream are making me retch. I am concentrating on keeping myself conscious. I have no energy left to argue with him.
“Why did you even have to do that?” he sighs. It is a rhetorical question. He knows me better than anyone. He already knows the answer.
I look into the reflection of his eyes through the rear mirror but keep quiet.
“Everything you’ve done… Is it even worth it?”
Was it worth it? Even I do not know the answer… All I knew was that I was suffocating in a whirlpool of emotions…
Come to think of it, I don’t even remember what I did and did not do back in the ballroom. Everything seems so mashed up in my mind. I am unable to identify which is reality and which is my hallucination… … …
“Bae and I met in the office.”
As he boasts, he looks at his new bride.
“She was doing an internship at the firm during her second year and I was helping my father out with the big cases during the summer break.”
No big deal… You were already a rising prosecutor then.
And he is still walking behind his father, basking in his father’s reputation.
“I was so touched by her passion to help victims who are clueless about the law. I still vividly remember her words back then. ‘I will only do Pro Bono!’ she said. And I fell in love with this angel immediately.”
The ballroomm went swooning with “awwwwwwww’s.
I curb my reaction. If Pro Bono was the reason he fell in love with her, then what does that make me?
I still remember our promise vividly.
I studied law because of her. I wanted to prove to her that even someone like me could also become a lawyer. I left my family and friends to study overseas. I slogged my guts out, sacrificing all my time and energy on studying. Eventually, I graduated two years earlier than my cohort, coming in top of the graduation batch. I was considered a prodigy in my college. In fact, an established multi-national law firm had recruited me as a defence counsel they wanted to groom. I returned home, eager to surprise her with my valedictory scroll. Instead, I got the shock of my life. She had moved on and left me behind.
She forgot our promise…
She may even have forgotten that I existed.
So I switched to prosecution. She believed that humans are well-natured and that everyone deserves a proper defence. But do we really deserve a proper defence? Was I given a chance by her? No. I began to oppose everything she believed in. To me, humans are corrupt and selfish individuals. Someone has to unmask these hypocrites so that balance is restored.
I had nothing to fall back on except my law degree. So I became the best prosecutor there was. I worked endlessly to forget the promise I kept, the promise which she forgot. I soon had everything in the world. Fame, money and women. But all these still could not fill up the emptiness in my heart.
Who is he to receive her love?
I clench my fist so tightly, my palms bled.
“Dear, you’re flattering me…” she replies mushily.
“Aww… She’s like that…That’s what I love about her…” He boasts to his guests.
My body trembles involuntarily with anger which I can no longer contain. My vision and hearing blurs. My heart which I had initially left behind thumps vigorously against my ribs.
I imagine myself rushing up to the stage and giving the groom one good punch in his face. I am like a madman, howling and crying while giving him a barrage of punches on the floor.
“You don’t deserve her!”
While I land punches on his loathsome face, I rant on.
“You’ve never felt any anguish in your life! Do you know what it feels like to enter a house every single day only to be greeted by darkness? Do you know what it feels like when no one is there to hear you cry? Do you know how it feels like to wake up in the night covered with cold sweat, haunted by nightmares of the regrets of your life?”
I grow tired, and my punches get slower.
“You don’t know ANYTHING!”
I look up to face her. It is the first time I look at her in the eye. She has her hands covering her mouth. Her eyes reveal her shock and fear.
I must look dreadful and fiendish this instant.
The sound of a crystal glass breaking rings in my ears. Red wine spills all over the carpeted floor.
“Hey! His body is going into seizure! Someone call the ambulance!”
“I’m a doctor! Move aside! I’ll take him to the hospital!”
Without warning, I threw up. My mind goes blank and I hit the ground, unconscious.
Heh heh heh… You proved me right. This circus charade is too much for you to handle…
… … …
I shift my eyes away from the rear mirror. I cannot even differentiate my imaginations from reality anymore. Everything I’ve done… I don’t even know what I did… I stare at my blood-stained palms. Is it blood or wine? I don’t even know what it is… I do not have the right to judge. So now you tell me, was it worth it…?
The gastric lavage is done efficiently.
The doctor-in-charge explains in complicated medical lingo the things to take note of when I return home. I am just too exhausted to do any more comprehension.
“In other words, your life is not in any immediate danger and you can be discharged now,” Zed summarises.
“I’m sending you back to your home.”
“No. Don’t. I don’t want my family to worry about me. And… and I don’t want to be reminded of that street…”
“Damn, your house is on the other end of the island. You expect me to…”
My best friend exhales and concedes. After all the mentally torturing events that have taken place today, the last thing he wants is for me to remember those times I used to walk her home on that street opposite my own home.
“Fine. You win,” Zed resigns.
“No. I didn’t win… I lost. I lost ten years ago… I lost even without stepping into the courtroom…” I whisper.
I enter the password and open the main door. The darkness greets me. Without turning on the lights, I head for the nearest support I can find - the piano.
Slump on the piano, your fingers too numb to move… Now, you have my permission to cry.
I rest my weight on the piano, my eyes too tired to cry. It has been a long and torturing night…
No… It has been a prolonged and tormenting life.
I look closely at the reflection in the polished grand piano. It is an image of a pathetic, worn-out tramp…
Let the tears reflecting the image of her in her wedding gown trickle down your piano, which you played everyday for her.
There will be no music tonight.
But if you wished to escape, you should have let them see you for who you really are. Don’t attend the wedding. But I know, more than anyone else, that if you don’t go, your heart would be at the wedding without you. And that would mean that you are already dead…
In spite of my miserable state, I manage to ask him one last question.
“Who are you? Who are you to persecute me?”
Hahaha… Who am I? I am amused you even asked…
…
I am Satan Incarnate.
The man in the mirror waits for my reply, but all that greets him is silence…
A collection of sketches in Japan, Year 2024.
Medium used: TWSBI Diamond 580AL (‘M’ nib) loaded with carbon black pigmented ink.
Kanazawa Castle, Kanazawa, 30 Oct 2024
DT Suzuki Museum, Kanazawa, 30 Oct 2024
Himi Port Bridge, Toyama, 03 Nov 2024
Takaoka Old Castle Park, Toyama, 03 Nov 2024
Kansui Park, Toyama, 04 Nov 2024
Tateyama Murodo, Toyama, 04 Nov 2024
Kaiwomaru Park ("Little Venice"), Toyama, 05 Nov 2024
Tasked with redeveloping the abandoned island resort along the Great Barrier Reef in the Whitsundays, there were ample opportunities in the Design, Build and Operate phases. The original Lindeman Island Resort was abandoned in 2012 after Cyclone Yasi damaged the resort’s facilities. Fast-forward to 2023, the island was purchased by Well Smart Group, and my primary task as the in-house Project Architect-and-Manager was to spearhead this redevelopment project. Some of my responsibilities were to lead my planning consultants to achieve compliance with the state and agencies, re-planning of the island in-house, managing my Design and Technical consultants on the Infrastructure and Interior Design solutions, organising supply-chain logistics from factory to site (including plants and infrastructure) and collaborating with the local Builders and vendors on contracts and technical performance on-site, to realise the renovation of 210 rooms, among other milestones.
Environmental factors drive the decision-making process for this project. From a Developer's standpoint, sustainable design, construction and processes reduce maintenance costs in the long-run. It is a powerful incentive for businesses serious for the long-haul. As such, infrastructure plants and building materials were designed to be modular to increase construction efficiency, to be resilient against cyclones and to provide the flexibility for future expansions when necessary. The upgraded island will boast of an ‘off-the-grid’ power supply, along with a water dam expansion and modular water treatment plants to sustain the entire island’s basic needs, without intervention from the mainland.
Apart from Environmental factors, another main consideration was to retain as much structures as possible to keep construction costs low. Partnering with one of the top Design Firms in Australia for the Master Plan and Interior Design of the Main Building and Guest Rooms, this limitation is viewed as a opportunity to re-purpose architecture design with more sensibility and sensitivity without removing the existing value and engineering on the island.
Materials are sourced directly from overseas factories to ensure a strict quality of Furnitures, Fixtures and Equipment and are then planned strategically to be shipped to the island to meet time-efficiency and cost-efficiency.
From there, the Main Contractor Partner receives the materials and begins construction, with the Lead Project Architect (myself) ensuring that milestones are achieved in time and within budget, while resolving technical challenges on-site with the Contractor and Consultants.
Partnering with another Singapore-based supplier for its proprietary modular pontoons, the new jetty is designed with 20 floating pontoons and a minimal number of piles (below 4 concrete piles into the seabed during design phase) to minimise damage to the seabed, reducing the negative environmental impact to the Great Barrier Reef. This Proprietary technology and design of the floating pontoons also facilitate efficient transport and assembly of said modules directly on the open waters.
Solar cells and batteries, water treatment and sewage treatment plants are designed for modularity and shipped over to the island for quick 'plug-and-play' installation.
Though at its initial phase, plans for an airport and a runway had led to literature research, preliminary design brainstorming, operational process considerations and soft vendor negotiations.
Partners and technical specifics have been redacted due to confidentiality policies.
A popular domestic tourist destination, Mantra Club Croc at Airlie Beach had undergone another cycle of renovations, focusing on the Guest Room design to provide a fresh and bright aesthetic for guests. The project was facing major delays and material shortage and I was brought on to push the project of 160 rooms to completion.
One prominent challenge faced during this project was the number of room types in this hotel. Due to it's unique existing design, every block has a unique layout which complicated the design and logistics of the project. The process required strict and accurate documentation of the design and dimensions of Furnitures and Fixtures, to be communicated to the factories for precision manufacturing.
Prior to my insertion, the materials on-site were poorly inventorised and stored, leading to damaged materials during the cyclone season in Australia or missing inventory. To grit through the project, stricter processes and protocols were established to ascertain the actual inventory of materials. New materials had to be ordered from the factories and arranged to be shipped as per the new Project Program, while the builders concurrently started on the renovation.
Due to the international nature of the value-chain, the timeline to complete works became tighter. The Project Program had to take into account manufacturing and shipping lead time, labour downtime (both from overseas factories and local vendors), and varying seasons, especially when Australia was situated in the southern hemisphere.
Representing the owner of the property, the prime directive was to minimise monetary loss for the owner by concurrently running the hotel operations together with the renovations.
Detailed planning and close coordination with the Hotel Management Team were paramount to the success of the project as we had to consider aspects of hospitality and construction management and find a common ground to operate concurrently.
This theoretical design maximises enojoyment of Western Classical Period during the Late Romantic Period through application of Acoustics in Architecture. After establishing the acoustic parameters, the designs are then simulated through I-SIMPA, which models sound propagation in 3D spaces to build towards the Optimal Concert Hall comprising of a band for 100 musicians.
Acoustic parameters drive the iterations of the designs, taking into consideration the most desirable Sound Pressure Level, Reverberation Time, Clarity and G-Strength for an optimal Concert Hall for Western Classical Music of the Romantic Period.
Starting simple, Iteration 1 was shoebox-shaped with 2 balconies flanking the sides to quickly meet the space requirements of the brief.
Conclusion: Primary Criteria not met, undesirable.
Theoretically, fan-shaped spaces lengthens RT due to early reflections being produced later. Height of Concert Hall was doubled to further increase RT based on Sabine's reverberation time equation. Walls were also designed to be concaved to prevent fluttering echoes and standing waves. The audience seating was also angled at an ideal angle of 6 degrees to increase the direct sound pressure received at some distant seats.
Conclusion: Results have improved from Iteration 1, but still do not meet the crtieria. Undesirable, despite fair Clarity.
3 more Iterations within Iteration 3 were produced, eventually reaching the final design worthy of an Optimal Concert Hall. The ceiling was further separated into 3 different profiles, each with a different sloping angle. This aims to lengthen the early reflection timing of sounds to achieve a longer RT. 6 Reflective panels were also added to the side-walls to provide better control over materiality within the design. Materials based on their sound absorption levels were also considered.
Conclusion: Achieved standards required for Concert Hall based on all criteria. This unique effect of warm RT with longer RT for lower frequencies, along with relatively higher Clarity for higher frequencies makes this concert hall stand out from other designs as it focuses on brighter RT and Clarity for audience to appreciate the melody at higher frequencies.
A "box in a box" design is proposed.
Important spaces are enveloped in multiple layers of insulation, such as air and rigid structural walls to elimiate vibrations from affecting the hall. This reduces background noise within important spaces.
Flooring is separated from structural elements and spaces between floor plate and concrete floor is filled with Vibration Insulator Peoprene Pad.
To reduce mechanical noise frmo interfering with the music, HVAC room location should be next to any "Storage Space", which is a non-sensitive, buffer space. Spaces surrounding the HVAC room dampens the mechanical noise.
The HVAC room should not be located disparately far from the Concert Hall so that high air velocity is not required to supply cool air into the large hall, therefore effectively reducing the duct size further. With lower air velocity and smaller duct sizes, the 'rumbling' mechanical sound is reduced.
In collaboration with Joachim Navarro (NUS, YST), Justin Ong (NUS, DOA) & Xia Yixuan (NUS, YST)
I have been struggling with my professional identity for almost a decade now. In the height of that low, I quit my job and took an indefinite break from Architecture. This is my Road Less Travelled, and my identity in the making.
There are expressways that take you to your destination efficiently on the straight, fast-moving path. There are also winding roads that you need to traverse to take you to the summit of a mountain. Expressways are familiar and certain. Winding roads are not. Perhaps that is why people tend to take the straight road forward. I was no exception.
I studied Architecture at a college that was ranked 9th in the world. An Architect’s path was straightforward. It was certain. It was familiar. The ride was smooth-sailing till I made a small deviation in this chartered route.
I questioned a professor.
His methods were ineffective to the new generation but he wasn’t receptive to alternative techniques of teaching. I silently protested, refusing to validate his methods even when seniors advised that his class was an easy ‘A’ if I blindly followed his designs.
Something in me just could not agree with that lack of ownership in my learning. Eventually, I changed tutors, pulling out of his class entirely.
That event opened my mind. It was like getting off the highway with no way back. I got out of my comfort zone. I detracted from the familiar. I started critically questioning norms and processes. That was when my learning truly began.
Architecture education is in need of a dire reform — that is a discourse for another time. I came to that conclusion during my 3rd year of undergraduate studies and through observing young practitioners in the industry. I wanted to be a better Architect and Designer. However, I knew that I wasn’t going to achieve that by taking the straight path forward.
So I did what most Architecture students would not dare do.
I worked as a Main Contractor.
My first job after graduating was with a Main Contractor building public housing during the COVID-19 pandemic. I was working out of a container office on-site to coordinate building works.
It was a huge leap to pursue this professional growth. My methods were radical.
I declined a standing internship offer at a prestigious boutique Architectural firm. That meant giving up the opportunity to be mentored under an Award-winning Architect running a successful practice.
I graduated a year earlier than my peers without completing my Master’s degree in Architecture. That meant entering the industry without the necessary paper qualifications to take the Board of Architect’s licensing examinations.
These sacrifices were painful but needed. I left a system that overtly emphasised on theory, aesthetic design and efficient production, where I could not learn more from, for an environment which mandated strong technical knowledge from various disciplines with soft skills necessary to design, manage and complete construction projects.
To me, that was understanding the reality and technicality of building-design. It was understanding the perspectives of every player part of this complex network and it was leading the design and construction of buildings. To me, it was being a better Architect.
My methods were radical but extremely effective. However, that meant driving up the dirt road instead of the paved one, into the forest without a clearing in sight. That was just the beginning.
Steering off-course meant driving without institutional regulations. There were no standardised indicators of success; no instructor to keep you grounded and accountable to the destination. You are your own captain. Thus, I needed my own indicator of success.
In construction, one of the most effective ways to determine the strength of a material is to test to failure — stressing the object till it breaks. The same can be applied to skillsets and experiences. By increasing the intensity and load of my job scope, I identified my limiting potential and limiting assumptions of the craft that I have honed. I was fortunate to be offered such an opportunity.
I was head-hunted by a hotel developer to build an island resort in Australia.
This family-owned developer was seeking a Project Manager with Architecture and Building background to spearhead their newest project. Their business model tapped on specialised professionals to manage hotel developments in-house. This allowed them to keep their project cost low while internally controlling progress, quality and cost, by managing essential aspects of supply-chain, design and project management. My interdisciplinary edge developed during my construction days, legal background and youthful energy was a perfect match at that time.
It was the perfect environment for me to showcase these skills that I have honed during different stages of my life, be it my period of studies in Architecture and Law and my tenure in the previous construction company. Like me, the owners were stress-testing their abilities too.
During that period, I experienced the effectiveness of my unique leadership style which struck a suitable equilibrium between strategy and operations.
I became that leader I envisioned about. A leader who took-in considerations of the developer, consultants and contractors, and steered all parties towards the same goal. A manager who could communicate effectively and technically, while employing prophylactic strategies tailored to the project context. A mentor who developed the skills and knowledge of his lean team to support the project operations. I was unstoppable…
Until I failed. Scaling steeper mountains shattered several assumptions I had about this line of work. No matter how insightful or intuitive I might have been, I was still a paid salaryman. Bosses — and in my case, the land owners — had differing agendas. Approaches that improved the health of the project might not be aligned with the paymaster’s business goals. The ultimate decision-maker was still the master who fed, regardless of the servant’s cautionary advice.
This was when I had to confront the biggest limiting factor in my career — my fire-forged experiences could not hold up to a Master’s degree in Singapore. The local market placed greater significance on the Master’s of Architecture (M.Arch) certificate than actual work experience and exposure to related domains. Job offers were pulled immediately because this pre-requisite was not met, even though those job scopes did not require a Registered Architect’s license.
The walls were closing and the water level was rising. I had no means to break that career ceiling without attaining my M.Arch to perform in the role I was already excelling in. Simultaneously, I had no growth opportunities (and thus no incentive) to work a simpler role or even to return to earn the M.Arch — a course that doesn’t prepare me for the actual demands of practicing architecture more than I already was. This was the outcome of relentlessly stress-testing to failure. I identified this dead-end earlier in my career but I wasn’t going to halt anytime soon.
You would think that it would have been a more efficient use of my time to have just kept my head low and graduate with my M.Arch, when I had the chance. Stay on the express lane and not diverge from that smooth road that I was on. Afterall, it would be fairly manageable for a top student to complete the M.Arch course, where I was already acing the concurrent Master’s Year 1 curriculum and unfamiliar modules like ‘Architectural Practice’ — of which a huge part was on legal systems and building contracts — was known territory to me from my law education.
Believe, me, I have lamented at every chance I had, at every job rejection I faced, at every rule restricting me from doing what I do best in the local construction scene.
And I did. Or at least, I did try to find my path back on that highway. I quit my job and steered my way back. I was grateful to be offered a chance to finally complete the M.Arch at another university… Yet Life had other plans. The result of a series of events over a short 3 months led to another divergence.
I ended up accepting another Master’s course. In Urban Sciences, Planning and Policy.
I was thrown off the high road once again. It seemed to be a pattern I cannot break. Then I finally understood, and after a decade of figuring out my professional identity, I came to peace with who I am.
Ultimately, it wasn’t about which road was better for my career. It was about which road was more suitable for me as a person. The path which provided the experiences I valued — challenging terrains, perspective-filled sceneries and fresh air, just like the winding mountain roads in Bhutan that I was on a week ago. Indeed, my journeys were exhilarating, from breaking fast with my construction comrades at the worksite to camping overnights on the abandoned island.
I shouldn’t be ashamed of my experiences when I share my story, especially with industry man and recruiters. Owning the road that I had taken, along with all those that I would take, would be to own my own value:
I am an Unfiltered Leader, unafraid to rise above the conventional when filtered leaders are tethered by rules and restrictions. Placed in the right ocean where I can be quiet, my best work emerges. My output is often holistically complex, yet executed in simple, structured steps. I value transparency and good faith, and this often places me at odds with upper management who may prefer cloak-and-dagger tactics to manipulate both the team and the mission. What drives me isn’t just professional integrity, but my unwavering belief in a cause greater than myself, and it is in this silent intensity where my leadership finds its truest form.
As like other Unfiltered Leaders who all took their own roads less travelled, I am, perhaps, simply not suitable for the roles commonly available in the job market. And accepting this is astonishingly liberating.
No more attempts to squeeze into a box that doesn’t fit. No more second-guessing the winding roads I am meant to travel on. I am not an Architect, nor am I a Lawyer. I am just someone taking a Road Less Travelled, modestly discovering the mysteries hidden in the corners of the world.